Discrepancy between behavioral-indicated and perceived candidacy for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Chengdu, China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the discrepancy between behavioral-indicated candidacy and perceived candidacy (behavioral-perceived gap) and its associated factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to identify the focus population of PrEP interventions and to design and implement targeted interventions.@*METHODS@#We recruited a sample of 622 HIV-negative MSM who were regular clients of a community-based organization located in Chengdu, China, from November to December 2021. A cross-sectional questionnaire was used to collect the participants' information on social demographics, PrEP-related knowledge and cognitions, and risk behaviors. In this study, behaviorally eligible for PrEP was defined as performing at least one type of high-risk behavior in the past six months, including inconsistent condom use, sex with an HIV-positive partner, confirmed sexual transmitted infections (STI) diagnosis, substance use, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) experience. Logistic regression models were fitted, and multivariate analyses were adjusted for social demographics.@*RESULTS@#Among the 622 eligible participants, 52.6% (327/622) were classified as behaviorally eligible for PrEP. Only 37.9% (124/327) of the participants perceived themselves as appropriate candidates for PrEP and 62.1% (203/207) had discrepancy between behavioral-indicated and perceived candidacy. 85.9% (281/327) had heard of PrEP, and 14.2% (40/281) accessed PrEP information through health care providers. Of the 327 participants eligible for behavior-indicated PrEP use, about half (47.1%) knew how to obtain PrEP medication and 33.0% had a professional PrEP counseling experience. The majority (93.3%) had no or few friends using PrEP. 54.1% scored eight or above in PrEP knowledge level. 66.7% reported having two or more sexual partners in the past six months. After adjusting for age and recruitment channel, we found six factors that were associated with perceived candidacy for PrEP, including PEP use [adjusted odds ratio (ORA)=2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-3.63], PrEP availability (ORA=1.69; 95%CI: 1.06-2.68), a greater number of PrEP-using friends (ORA=4.92; 95%CI: 1.77-13.65), PrEP know-ledge (ORA=2.21; 95%CI: 1.38-3.56), multiple sexual partnership (ORA=1.77; 95%CI: 1.07-2.94), and perceiving a higher risk of HIV infection (ORA=4.02; 95%CI: 1.73-9.32). Substance use during sex and PrEP information channel were not statistically associated with this beha-vioral-perceived gap.@*CONCLUSION@#We observed a high discrepancy between behavioral-indicated and perceived candidacy for PrEP among Chengdu MSM in China. Future PrEP implementation efforts should be made in skills training in assessing HIV infection risk, increasing PrEP knowledge, providing professional PrEP counselling, and fostering PrEP support environment.

Changes in fundus microcirculation of myopic adolescents after wearing orthokeratology observed by optical coherence tomography angiography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe changes in fundus microcirculation of myopic adolescents after wearing orthokeratology by applying optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 40 cases(40 eyes)of adolescents with low to moderate myopia who chose orthokeratology to correct visual acuity at our hospital from April 2021 to June 2022 were collected. The uncorrected distant visual acuity and axial length were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6mo before and after wearing orthokeratology, respectively. Furthermore, the changes in superficial vessel density(SVD), deep vessel density(DVD), central retinal thickness(CRT), foveal avascular zone area(FAZ-A), foveal avascular zone perimeter(FAZ-P), retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and radial peripapillary capillaries density(RPCD)were observed by applying OCTA.RESULTS: The uncorrected distant visual acuity was significantly improved at 1, 3 and 6mo after wearing orthokeratology(P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in axial length before and after wearing orthokeratology(P>0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in both SVD of fovea quadrant and DVD of fovea and lower quadrant(P<0.01), but there were no differences in CRT, FAZ-A and FAZ-P, RNFL thickness and RPCD(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Wearing orthokeratology can significantly improve visual acuity and increase local retinal vessel density in the macula in adolescents with low to moderate myopia.

Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye in children aged 7-14 years in myopia prevention and control clinic / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyse the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye among children aged 7-14 years in myopia prevention and control clinic.METHODS:A total of 222 children aged 7-14 years in myopia prevention and control clinic from December 2021 to February 2022 were included. General data of included children were collected, assessing the prevalence of dry eye by the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scale and Keratograph 5M, and analyzing risk factors for dry eye occurrence by Logistic regression model.RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye in children in myopia prevention and control clinic was 27.9%. Logistic Regression analysis showed that, allergic conjunctivitis(OR=2.31, 95%CI=1.12-4.78, P=0.02), refractive error(OR=5.57, 95%CI=2.40-12.94, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01), use time of electronic &#x0026;#x003E;2h per day(OR=2.74, 95%CI=1.11-6.78, P=0.03), time of playing games &#x0026;#x003E;2h per day(OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.12-4.84, P=0.02), outdoor activity time ≤2h per day(OR=4.28, 95%CI=2.02-9.07, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01)and sleep duration &#x0026;#x003C;8h per day(OR=3.23, 95%CI=1.44-7.27, P=0.01)were risk factors for dry eye among the children.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of dry eye among children in myopia prevention and control clinic should be paid high attention. Therefore, improving behavior habits and controlling the use time of visual display terminal products to prevent and slow down the occurrence of dry eye in children.

Erythropoietin promotes myocardial infarction repair in mice by improving the function of Sca-1+ stem cells / 生理学报

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. With the improvement of clinical therapy, the mortality of acute MI has been significantly reduced. However, as for the long-term impact of MI on cardiac remodeling and cardiac function, there is no effective prevention and treatment measures. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein cytokine essential to hematopoiesis, has anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenetic effects. Studies have shown that EPO plays a protective role in cardiomyocytes in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac ischemia injury and heart failure. EPO has been demonstrated to protect ischemic myocardium and improve MI repair by promoting the activation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). This study aimed to investigate whether EPO can promote MI repair by enhancing the activity of stem cell antigen 1 positive stem cells (Sca-1+ SCs). Darbepoetin alpha (a long-acting EPO analog, EPOanlg) was injected into the border zone of MI in adult mice. Infarct size, cardiac remodeling and performance, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and microvessel density were measured. Lin- Sca-1+ SCs were isolated from neonatal and adult mouse hearts by magnetic sorting technology, and were used to identify the colony forming ability and the effect of EPO, respectively. The results showed that, compared to MI alone, EPOanlg reduced the infarct percentage, cardiomyocyte apoptosis ratio and left ventricular (LV) chamber dilatation, improved cardiac performance, and increased the numbers of coronary microvessels in vivo. In vitro, EPO increased the proliferation, migration and clone formation of Lin- Sca-1+ SCs likely via the EPO receptor and downstream STAT-5/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These results suggest that EPO participates in the repair process of MI by activating Sca-1+ SCs.

Continuation, reduction, or withdrawal of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving sustained disease control: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by synovitis and progressive damage to the bone and cartilage of the joints, leading to disability and reduced quality of life. This study was a randomized clinical trial comparing the outcomes between withdrawal and dose reduction of tofacitinib in patients with RA who achieved sustained disease control.@*METHODS@#The study was designed as a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients who were taking tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily) and had achieved sustained RA remission or low disease activity (disease activity score in 28 joints [DAS28] ≤3.2) for at least 3 months were enrolled at six centers in Shanghai, China. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three treatment groups: continuation of tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily); reduction in tofacitinib dose (5 mg daily); and withdrawal of tofacitinib. Efficacy and safety were assessed up to 6 months.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 122 eligible patients were enrolled, with 41 in the continuation group, 42 in the dose-reduction group, and 39 in the withdrawal group. After 6 months, the percentage of patients with a DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of <3.2 was significantly lower in the withdrawal group than that in the reduction and continuation groups (20.5%, 64.3%, and 95.1%, respectively; P  < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The average flare-free time was 5.8 months for the continuation group, 4.7 months for the dose reduction group, and 2.4 months for the withdrawal group.@*CONCLUSION@#Withdrawal of tofacitinib in patients with RA with stable disease control resulted in a rapid and significant loss of efficacy, while standard or reduced doses of tofacitinib maintained a favorable state.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chictr.org, ChiCTR2000039799.

Analysis of the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among residents aged 35 to 64 years in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: The study subjects were Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years who completed the heart age assessment by WeChat official account"Heart Strengthening Action"through the internet from January 2018 to April 2021. Information such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), smoking history, and diabetes history was collected. The heart age and excess heart age were calculated according to the characteristics of individual cardiovascular risk factors and the heart aging was defined as excess heart age≥5 years and 10 years respectively. The heart age and standardization rate were calculated respectively based on the population standardization of the 7th census in 2021.CA trend test was used to analyze the changing trend of excess heart age rate and population attributable risk (PAR) was used to calculate the contribution of risk factors. Results: The mean age of 429 047 subjects was 49.25±8.66 years. The male accounted for 51.17% (219 558/429 047) and the excess heart age was 7.00 (0.00, 11.00) years. The excess heart age rate defined by excess heart age≥5 years and≥10 years was 57.02% (the standardized rate was 56.83%) and 38.02% (the standardized rate was 37.88%) respectively. With the increase of the age and number of risk factors, the excess heart age rate of the two definitions showed an upward trend according to the result of the trend test analysis (P<0.001). The top two risk factors of the PAR for excess heart age were overweight or obese and smoking. Among them, the male was smoking and overweight or obese, while the female was overweight or obese and having hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: The excess heart age rate is high in Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years and the contribution of overweight or obese, smoking and having hypercholesterolemia ranks high.

Analysis of the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among residents aged 35 to 64 years in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status of excess heart age and its risk factors among Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: The study subjects were Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years who completed the heart age assessment by WeChat official account "Heart Strengthening Action" through the internet from January 2018 to April 2021. Information such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), smoking history, and diabetes history was collected. The heart age and excess heart age were calculated according to the characteristics of individual cardiovascular risk factors and the heart aging was defined as excess heart age≥5 years and 10 years respectively. The heart age and standardization rate were calculated respectively based on the population standardization of the 7th census in 2021.CA trend test was used to analyze the changing trend of excess heart age rate and population attributable risk (PAR) was used to calculate the contribution of risk factors. Results: The mean age of 429 047 subjects was (49.25±8.66) years. The male accounted for 51.17% (219 558/429 047) and the excess heart age was 7.00 (0.00, 11.00) years. The excess heart age rate defined by excess heart age≥5 years and ≥10 years was 57.02% (the standardized rate was 56.83%) and 38.02% (the standardized rate was 37.88%) respectively. With the increase of the age and number of risk factors, the excess heart age rate of the two definitions showed an upward trend according to the result of the trend test analysis (P<0.001). The top two risk factors of the PAR for excess heart age were overweight or obese and smoking. Among them, the male was smoking and overweight or obese, while the female was overweight or obese and having hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: The excess heart age rate is high in Chinese residents aged 35 to 64 years and the contribution of overweight or obese, smoking and having hypercholesterolemia ranks high.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprints for Ardisia crenata，Sophora tonkinensis and their couplet medicines and content determination of 5 chemical components / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprints of Ardisia crenata， Sophora tonkinensis and their couplet medicines， and to determine the contents of five components in them. METHODS Using water as solvent， single lyophilized powder of A. crenata and S. tonkinensis and combined lyophilized powder of their couplet medicines were prepared by combining lyophilization technology. The fingerprints of three lyophilized powder samples were established by using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and the contents of 5 kinds of components such as gallic acid were determined simultaneously. RESULTS There were 5， 10 and 14 common peaks in the fingerprints for single lyophilized powder of A. crenata and S. tonkinensis and combined lyophilized powder of their couplet medicines； the similarities of them with the control fingerprints were all greater than 0.90. For combined lyophilized powder of couplet medicines， peak 3 Δ 基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目（No.2018YFC1708100）；贵 州省科技计划项目（No.黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般483，No.黔科合成 was identified as gallic acid， peak 4 as matrine， peak 6 as 果〔2021〕一般137）；贵州省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目（青年项目） oxymatrine， peak 8 as bergenin， and peak 14 as trifolirhizin. In single lyophilized powder of A. crenata， the average contents of gallic acid and bergenin were 0.499 3 and 4.962 6 mg/g， respectively. In single lyophilized powder of S.tonkinensis， the average contents of matrine， oxymatrine and trifolirhizin were 3.046 0， 2.336 6 and 0.278 6 mg/g， respectively. In combined lyophilized powder of couplet medicines， the average contents of gallic acid， matrine， oxymatrine， bergenin and trifolirhizin were 0.560 6， 2.548 7， 1.382 2， 5.960 7 and 0.279 1 mg/g， respectively. The transfer rates were 8.87%-513.19%. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and content determination methods are stable and feasible， and can be used for the quality control of A. crenata and S. tonkinensis and their couplet medicines. The average contents of matrine and oxymatrine in combined lyophilized powder of A. crenata-S. tonkinensis couplet medicines are decreased.

Research progress of IRE1α inhibitors / 药学学报

Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), a widespread transmembrane protein in mammals, is an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) receptor. Among the three signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the IRE1α pathway is the most conservative. And there is a growing body of evidence that the occurrence and development of tumors is closely related to the over-expression of IRE1α. Therefore, the study of the IRE1α inhibitors is of great significance to the discovery of new anti-tumor drugs and has been attracting more and more attention. In the hope of providing ideas for the research of targeting IRE1α for cancer therapy, this paper reviewed the data of representative IRE1α inhibitors, including inhibitory activity, the mechanism of action, structural characteristics, and so on.

Bibliometric analysis of the MOOC application in higher medical education in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application status and development trend of massive open online course (MOOC) in the field of higher medical education in China, so as to provide the reference for future research in this field.Methods:The related literatures collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data service platform, VIP database and China Biology Medicine disc were searched from their inception to March 1st, 2020, and the statistical analysis was carried out on the annual volume, journal distribution, fund support, author distribution, cited frequency, literature type and high-frequency keywords by using the bibliometrics method. The extracted data was set up in Excel 2010, and descriptive statistics was made by frequency analysis.Results:The study collected 754 articles, which were included in 262 journals, mainly medical education journals. The funding rate reached 50%. Huang Ping, Zhang Xin, Li Xinhui and seven others were core authors. Basic medical curriculum application research represented by human anatomy was the most. MOOC application research focused on theoretical curriculum. The curriculum evaluation included such five aspects as terminal evaluation, formative evaluation, platform assessment, comprehensive ability and autonomous learning ability. The research focus was the mixed teaching mode based on MOOC and its application in nursing education, traditional Chinese medicine education and continuing medical education.Conclusion:In the past five years, MOOC has developed rapidly in China's higher medical education, and the core authors have formed, but there is a lack of in-depth cooperation. In the future, we should increase the applied research of experimental (training) courses, and further improve the design of experimental research and curriculum evaluation system.

Unintentional injuries among children in Suzhou city: a single-center clinical research / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze of the clinical characteristics of unintentional injuries among urban and rural children in Suzhou city, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of unintentional injuries in the region.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Children in the outpatient and emergency departments of the Children′s Hospital of Soochow University were selected from March 2020 to February 2021, the gender, age, household registration, accident injury time, cause, place and educational intervention needs of the children were collected. The patients were grouped according to gender, ages, seasons and household registrations, the SPSS 21.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the clinical characteristics of accidental injury in children.Results:There were 32 561 children included in the study, including 20 180 males and 12 381 females. The percentage of boy increases with ages ( χ2 = 263.13, P<0.01). Most unintentional injuries occurred at home, 19 117 cases, accounted for 58.9% of total cases. The accidental injury composition ratio of urban children in 0-<1 year group (447 cases), 1-<3 year group (12 392 cases) and 3-<6 year group (9 381 cases) was higher than that of 6-<10 year group (6 931 cases) and 10-<14 year group (3 410 cases)( χ 2 values were 14.69-246.83, all P<0.01); fall was the most common cause of unintentional injuries in children, 12 404 cases, accounted for 38.1% of total cases. The percentage of unintentional injuries of 3-<6 year group in spring was higher than that of 0-<1 year group, 1-<3 year group, 6-<10 year group and 10-<14 year group; the percentage of unintentional injuries of 3-<6 year group in summer was higher than that of 0-<1 year group, 1-<3 year group, 10-<14 year group; the percentage of unintentional injuries of 0-<1 year group in antumn was higher than that of 1-<3 year group, 3-<6 group, 6-<10 year group; the percentage of unintentional injuries of 0-<1 year group in winter was higher than that of 1-<3 year group, 3-<6 year group, 6-<10 year group and 10-<14 year group ( χ2 values were 6.80-310.53, all P<0.01). Parents of 1-<3 year group had high demand for first aid knowledge, and parents of 0-<1 year group had high demand for first aid skills ( χ 2 values were 5.03-821.23, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The prevalence of unintentional injury in Suzhou city has age, season and regional characteristics. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention of unintentional injuries in the region.

The effectiveness and safety of auricular acupressure on pain: an overview of systematic reviews / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the quality of a systematic review/Meta-analysis of auricular acupressure on pain, and provide decision making basis for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM databases were searched to collect systematic reviews or Meta-analysis on auricular acupressure intervention pain from inception to October, 2020. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted the data, and used AMSTAR 2 and GRADE to evaluate methodological quality and evidence quality.Results:A total of 8 systematic reviews were included. The AMSTAT2 evaluation showed that all the studies were in low methodological quality; GRADE tool graded 26 outcome indicators, including 6 intermediate quality indicators, 16 low-level quality indicatorsand 4 extremely low-level quality indicators. The research results showed that auricular acupressure is safe and effective in chronic low back pain, primary dysmenorrhea and partial postoperative pain. Another study found that it has no significant effect, but it can reduce the rate of adverse reactions.Conclusions:These studies show that auricular acupressure is safe on pain and has certain advantages, but its methodological quality and evidence quality are not high, which requires further research to confirm.

Application of epidemiological methods in health impact assessment / 中华流行病学杂志

Health impact assessment (HIA) system has been listed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan and the Law of Basic Health Care and Health Promotion of the People's Republic of China, however, the technique guideline of HIA needs to be established and improved. This paper summarizes the applications of different epidemiological methods in HIA and focus on the introduction of the application of ecology model of health social determinants as theory basis in the establishment of HIA system along with the introduction of HIA cases in the world. The applications of epidemiological methods in domestic HIA research are limited. Therefore, appropriate applications of epidemiological methods should be strengthened in HIA guideline and system development, especially the applications of big health data, mobile health techniques, systems epidemiology and implementation science, to facilitate data collection and potential health hazard evaluation and surveillance for HIA, establishment and improvement of HIA system and the implementation of Healthy China Strategy.

Clinical observation on Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture for postoperative urinary retention / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture (acupuncture for unblocking governor vessel and regulating qi ) combined with warming acupuncture, Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion and oral tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule on postoperative urinary retention.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with postoperative urinary retention were randomized into an acupuncture-moxibustion group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture were applied in the acupuncture-moxibustion group. Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (CV 26) etc. in the acupuncture group. Moxibustion was applied at Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shuidao (ST 28) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in the moxibustion group. Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule was given orally in the medication group. The treatment was once a day, and 5-day treatment was required in each group. Before and after treatment, the residual urine volume of bladder, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the time of first urethral catheter removal were observed, and the clinical efficacy was compared in the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the residual urine volume of bladder was decreased compared before treatment in the 4 groups (P<0.05), and that in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was less than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores were decreased compared before treatment in the acupuncture-moxibustion group, the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and those in the 3 groups were lower than the medication group (P<0.05). The time of first urethral catheter removal in the acupuncture-moxibustion group was earlier than the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the acupuncture-moxibustion group, which was superior to 63.3% (19/30) in the acupuncture group, 60.0% (18/30) in the moxibustion group and 66.7% (20/30) in the medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of Tongdu Tiaoqi acupuncture combined with warming acupuncture on postoperative urinary retention is superior to simple acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion and tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule.

Profilin 2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of profilin 2 (PFN2) in gastric cancer and assess its potential value as a novel prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target.@*METHODS@#We collected gastric cancer and paired adjacent tissues from 100 patients for immunohistochemical detection of PFN2 expression. According to the expression level of PFN2, the patients were divided into two groups with high (46 cases) and low (48 cases) PNF2 expression in cancer tissues, and also into two groups with high (26 cases) and low (49 cases) PNF2 expression in adjacent tissues. Chi-square test, Spearman correlation and KaplanMeier survival analysis were used to analyze the relationship between PFN2 protein expression level and the patients' clinical parameters. We also tested the effects of PFN2 knockdown and overexpression on the proliferation and migration of MKN-45 cells using Transwell assay and CCK-8 assay.@*RESULTS@#The expression of PFN2 protein was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.01). PFN2 expression was positively correlated with M-stage of gastric cancer and VEGFR expression in the tumor tissues (P < 0.01). A high expression of PFN2 protein was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.01), and was an independent predictor of the prognosis of gastric cancer. In MKN-45 cells, the cells overexpressing PFN2 showed significantly stronger proliferation and migration abilities than those with PFN2 knockdown (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#PFN2 protein is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues to promote the proliferation and migration of the tumor cells. PFN2 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker, a prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Impact of health literacy on patient experience of outpatients in China and its mechanism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the relationship between health literacy and patient experience of outpatients in China, and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The conceptual framework was developed based on Andersen's behavioral model of health services use and health literacy skills framework. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with snowball sampling method, while the health literacy was measured by self-designed patient health literacy scale, and the patient experience was measured by the Chinese patient experience questionnaire for ambulatory care developed by Peking Union Medical College. And a structural equation model was built to explore the relationship between them and test the mechanism of health literacy influencing patient experience.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 773 subjects were investigated. The average score of health literacy was (90.72±12.90) points, accounting for 78.89% of the full score, and the dimension of seeking social support had the lowest score. The average score of overall rating of patient experience was (3.71±0.74) points, and the scores of each dimension of patient experience were between 3.56 and 3.80. The model fit indices of structural equation model for overall rating of patient experience among the outpatients were χ2/df=9.29 (χ2=4 107.27, df=442), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.055 (< 0.06), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.926 (>0.90), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.918 (>0.90), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.061 (< 0.08), the model was acceptable. The variance in patient experience explained by the model was 0.108. The structural equation model analysis results showed that the overall rating of outpatient experience was directly affected by health literacy (β=0.263, P < 0.001), also indirectly affected by health literacy (β=0.012, P < 0.001). In other words, the overall rating increased by 0.275 units for each standard deviation increase of health literacy. Self-evaluated health status mediated the relationship between health literacy and the overall rating of outpatient experience. In terms of diffe-rent dimensions of patient experience, the standardized path coefficient of the total effect of health literacy on patient experience was as follows: Information guidance 0.337, humanistic care 0.319, communication with doctors 0.294, service efficiency 0.240, and hospital environment 0.173.@*CONCLUSION@#The patients with higher level of health literacy were more likely to have a better outpatient experience in China, and the information guidance experience and humanistic care experience were most affected by health literacy. And the communication and information utilization ability had the greatest influence on patient experience.

Endogenous HMGB1 Modulates Fatty Acid Metabolism of Hypoxic and Nutrient-poor Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Related Mechanism / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in the fatty acid metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial fusion/fission of hypoxic and nutrient-poor pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The correlation between the expression level of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer tissue and the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed by GEPIA database. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation rate, and scratch test and Transwell chamber method were carried out to detect the effects of endogenous HMGB1 on the invasion and migration abilities of human pancreatic cancer cell line Patu8988 after hypoxic and nutrient-poor treatment. Laser confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of mitochondrial morphology of Patu8988 cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion/fission and de novo fatty acid synthesis-related proteins. Results GEPIA database analysis results showed that HMGB1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.01), and the expression level was negatively correlated with the survival time of pancreatic cancer patients (P=0.00097). Knockdown of HMGB1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of Patu8988 cells under hypoxic and nutrient-poor conditions. However, mitochondrial fission in patu8988 cells was increased. Knockdown of HMGB1 in Patu8988 cells increased the expression of fission-related protein FIS1 while decreased the expression of p-DRP1(Ser637) and fusion-related protein MFN1 and MFN2 in hypoxic and nutrient-poor environment; ACLY, p-ACLY and FASN protein expression levels were down-regulated. Conclusion Endogenous HMGB1 can promote the fusion and inhibit the fission of mitochondria in hypoxic and nutrient-poor Patu8988 cells, maintain mitochondrial morphology and function, and thereby up-regulate ACLY protein expression and phosphorylation level, promote FA synthesis, and maintain the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells.

Analysis of Chemical Constituents as Flavonoids and Coumarins in Radix Ardisiae from Different Sources / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To identif y and analyze the flavonoids and coumarins in Radix Ardisiae from different sources. METHODS：UPLC-QE-HF-MS/MS was adopted. The determination was performed on Zorbax Eclipse-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the temperature of injector was 4 ℃. The sample size was 2 µL；ESI source was applied in negative and positive scanning ion mode ，the heater temperature was 325 ℃，the sheath gas pressure was 45 arb，the auxiliary gas pressure was 15 arb，the purge gas pressure was 1 arb，the electrospray voltage was 3.5 kV，the capillary temperature was 330 ℃， S-lens RF level was 55％，scan mode was first-order full sca m/z 100-1 500，data-dependent secondary mass spectrometry scanning （dd-MS2，Top N ＝10），the resolution was 70 000 （first mass spectrometry ） ， 17 500 （secondary mass spectrometry），the collision mode was high-energy collision dissociation. Through retrieving foreign and domestic databases as ChemSpider ，mzCloud，mzVault，PubChem，the structure of the compound was identified on the basis of related literatures and reference data ，and the conten ts were compared. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 47 components were separated from Radix Ardisiae of 3 kinds of sources as Ardisia crenata Sims，A. crispa（Thunb.）A. DC. ，A. crenata Sims var . bicolor （Walk）C. Y. Wu et C. Chen. A total of 17 flavonoids were identified ，including 9 flavonols （quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside， myricetin， rutin， mauritanin， kaempferol， quercetin， isorhamnetin， quercetin，mearnsitrin），3 flavan-3-ols [（-）-epigallocatechin，catechin，epigallocatechin gallate ）2 dihydroflavonoids [fustin ， eriodictyol] and 3 other types [ 3-（2，3-dihydro-benzo[1，4]dioxin-6-yl）-7-hydroxy-2-trifluoromethyl-chromen-4-one，methadone， oriciacridone F] ，10 coumarins {bergenin ，（[ 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl）oxy]acetic acid ，[7-（carboxymethoxy）- 4-methyl-2-oxo-2hydroxychromo-3-yl]acetic acid ，4，9-dihydroxy-7H-furo[3，2-g]chromen-7-one，6，7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin， esculetin，fraxetin，7，8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin，4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide ，scoparone}. Results of content analysis showed that in flavonoids and coumarins ，there were 5 common components in Radix Ardisiae from 3 kinds of sources ，i.e. bergenin（peak 2），[7-（carboxymethoxy）-4-methyl-2-oxo-2-hydroxychromo-3-yl] acetic acid （peak 5），methadone（peak 16）， quercetin（peak 18），oriciacridone F （peak 26）；the contents of common components were significantly different. In addition to 5 common components ，there were 22 different chemical components ，which were compounds corresponding to peaks 1，3，4， 6-15，17，19-25 and 27，respectively. Among them ，compounds corresponding to peaks 3，6，8 and 23 were only found in A. crenata Sims var. bicolor（Walk）C. Y. Wu et C. Chen ；compounds corresponding to peaks 12-15，19 were only found in A. crispa （Thunb.）A. DC. UPLC-QE-HF-MS/MS method can efficiently ，accurately and quickly identify the flavonoids and coumarins in Radix Ardisiae from different sources.

Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Glycosyltransferase Genes from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To clone the full-length glycosyltransferase genes （<italic>PpUGT</italic>1，<italic>PpUGT</italic>7） related to saponins biosynthesis in <italic>Paris polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>，and perform bioinformatics analysis，relative expression analysis and prokaryotic expression analysis. Method:Total RNA was isolated from <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>with use of the Eastep^® Super Total RNA Extraction Kit and converted to cDNA. Specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data to clone the full-length gene. Relevant software was then used for bioinformatic analysis of the protein sequences. The relative gene expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and the prokaryotic expression vectors were built to heterologously express recombinant protein in <italic>Escherichia coli.</italic> Result:The open reading frame （ORF） of <italic>PpUGT</italic>1 was 1 827 bp，encoding 608 amino acids，and was predicted as a steroid glycosyltransferase；the ORF of <italic>PpUGT</italic>7 was 1 380 bp，encoding 459 amino acids，and was predicted as a triterpenoid glycosyltransferase. The calculated relative molecular mass of two proteins were 67.6 kDa and 51.3 kDa respectively，and both of them were hydrophilic proteins，no transmembrane domain，no signal peptides，both showing high similarity and conservativeness with homologous sequences. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of <italic>PpUGT</italic>1 was root>leaf>flower>stem；the expression level of <italic>PpUGT</italic>7 was stem>leaf>flower>root. In addition，PpUGTs proteins were expressed in <italic>E. coli</italic>. in a soluble form. Conclusion:The genes of <italic>PpUGT</italic>1 and <italic>PpUGT</italic>7 were cloned successfully. Real-time PCR showed the genes were expressed differently in different plant organs， and their recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. This study lays a foundation for functional characterization of PpUGTs and analysis of the biosynthesis pathway of saponins in <italic>Paris polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>.

Extract from Modified Xiao Xianxiongtang Inhibits Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Invasion and Migration Mediated by TGF-β1 of Human Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cells via Wnt5a/Ca2+/NFAT Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This studu aims to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of modified Xiao Xianxiongtang on the epithelial mesenchymal transition（EMT） and the change of its invasion and migration ability of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells mediated by transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁（TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁），and to explore the mechanism of regulating Wnt5a/Ca²⁺/ activated T-cell nuclear factor（NFAT） signaling pathway to inhibit EMT and invasion and metastasis of MGC-803 cells. Method:TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁（10 μg·L^-1）was used to induce EMT and the invasion and metastasis model of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Transwell chamber experiment， scratchhealing experiment， Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration ability， expression of EMT marker protein and key protein expression of Wnt5a/Ca²⁺/NFAT signaling pathway， and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. Result:Compared with the blank group， TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ could significantly enhance the invasion and migration ability of MGC-803 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， down-regulate the level of E-cadherin（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulate protein expressions of N-cadherin， Snail and Vimentin（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and induce cell Wnt5a， calcineurin （CaN）， total protein of activated T-cell nuclear factor 1（NFAT1）， up-regulation of phosphorylated proteins p-NFAT1 and NFAT1 nucleoprotein and intracellular accumulation of Ca²⁺（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ group， modified Xiao Xianxiongtang （10， 20， 40 mg·L^-1） could significantly inhibit this phenomenon，and 40 mg·L^-1 had the best effect（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）.The specific inhibitors of Wnt5a/Ca²⁺/NFAT signaling pathway （<italic>R</italic>）-（+）-Bay-K-8644 and modified Xiao Xianxiongtang （40 mg·L^-1） could significantly inhibit theinvasion and migration of MGC-803 cells mediated by TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， up-regulate the level of E-cadherin， and down-regulate expressions of N-cadherin， Snail， Vimentin， Wnt5a， CaN and NFAT1 proteins and reduce the intracellular accumulation of Ca²⁺（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）.Moreover， （<italic>R</italic>）-（+）-Bay-K-8644 combined with modified Xiao Xianxiongtang （40 mg·L^-1） had stronger inhibitory effect（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:These results suggest that modified Xiao Xianxiongtang can inhibit the EMT mediated by TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ via Wnt5a/Ca²⁺/NFAT signaling pathway，thereby reducing the invasion and migration ability of MGC-803 cells.